Calotes liocephalus, head without spines or rarely a rudimentary spine above ear; Dorsinuchal crest poorly developed and the spines strongest on head, low on neck and rudimentary on body, scales on sides point backwards or backwards and downwards; dorsal scales smaller, feebly keeled, about as large as the ventrals; gular scales as large as or larger than the ventrals; 43 to 50 scales round the middle of the body; the hind limb reaches to the eye or nearly as far. In a fully-grown male the head is larger and the base of the tail more swollen, an oblique fold in front of shoulder, lower jaw rather short (Deraniyagala, 1953; Smith, 1935 Taylor, 1953).

The body color is green or bluish green dorsally with 5 or 6 transverse dark cross bars. The throat is yellowish green. Three black cross bands from eye to eye. A black band runs along posterior half or upper lip through the tympanum. Sides of the lower jaws are with black spots, sometimes dark cross bars on the top of the head; base of the tail light olive brown, the rest of it alternately banded with light and dark; below greenish white (Deraniyagala, 1953; Smith, 1935 Taylor, 1953). 

Calotes liocephalus appears to be extremely rare and was recorded only from the forests of the Knuckles range and Peak wilderness up to 1850 m (Das & De Silva, 2005; Erdelen, 1984; Manamendra-Arachchi & Liyanage, 1994). This species is endemic to Sri Lanka.

This species is largely arboreal and its diet comprises young leaves and buds as well as insects and worms.

The female digs a nest hole in the ground about 92.6 mm and deposits 3-8 eggs in June. The eggs are 14.8-19.5 mm long by 8.6-11.0 wide (Amarasinghe & Karunarathna, 2008; Das & De Silva, 2005).

Conservation status: Very rare and apparently restricted to parts of the Knuckles range (Manamendra-Arachchi & Liyanage, 1994), Endangered  (Bahir & Surasinghe, 2005; IUCN, 2007).